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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1947-1958, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131542

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a destoxificação da torta de mamona bruta (TMB), por meio de dois produtos alcalinos em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos sobre a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da MS e o fracionamento de proteínas. Utilizou-se o hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] e o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em duas concentrações (60 e 90 gramas), diluídos em quatro quantidades de água (1.000; 1.500; 2.000 e 2.500mL de água por quilo de TMB). Observou-se que, das diferentes concentrações utilizadas, somente a utilização de 90 e 60 gramas de Ca(OH)2 e NaOH, respectivamente, conseguiu destoxificar 100% da TMB, ambas diluídas em 2.000mL de água. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o tempo mínimo de contato dos reagentes com a TMB para uma máxima destoxificação, observou-se que três horas de contato é o tempo necessário para os reagentes diminuírem em 100% as proteínas citotóxicas, além de não deixar atividade hemaglutinante nesse material. A destoxificação com o NaOH proporcionou maior degradação das proteínas solúveis e da matéria seca, favorecendo a disponibilização do nitrogênio não proteico, estando sua aplicação em escala industrial na dependência de estudos sobre viabilidade operacional e econômica.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the detoxification of crude castor (DCC) through two alkaline products in different concentrations and their effects on the chemical composition, in situ degradability of DM and the fractionation of proteins. We used the calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in two concentrations (60 and 90 grams) diluted in 4 quantities of water (1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 2,500ml of water per kilo of DCC). It was observed that in the different concentrations used, only the use of 90 and 60 grams of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, respectively managed to detoxify 100% of the DCC, both diluted in 2,000ml of water. On the other hand, when assessing the minimum time of contact of the reagents with the DCC for maximum detoxification, it was observed that with three hours of contact is the time required for the reagents decrease in 100% of the cytotoxic proteins, in addition to not leave haemagglutinating activity in this material. The detoxification with NaOH provided greater degradation of soluble proteins and degradation of dry matter, favoring the provision of non-protein nitrogen, while its application on an industrial scale is in the dependence of studies on operational feasibility and cost.(AU)


Subject(s)
Ricinus/toxicity , Ricinus/chemistry , Sodium Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Calcium Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Inactivation, Metabolic , Plants, Toxic/toxicity , Alkalies/administration & dosage
2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(5): 1239-1247, sept./oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967312

ABSTRACT

The aim was to evaluate how the fodder pre- dehydration time and its phenological stages influence on ruminal degradability and digestibility of ryegrass silage. The evaluated samples consisted of treatments: Vegetative: Cut and ensiled; cut + 4 hours pre-drying and ensiled and; cut + 7 hours pre-drying and ensiled; Pre-flowering: Silage cutting and ensiled and 4 hours pre-drying and ensiled; Flowering: cut and ensiled, no pre-drying, with four replications each treatment. Silage was storage for four months. It was carried out three in situ digestibility assays to determine the curve of ruminal degradability at different times (3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), like in situ digestibility and other three assays of 24 hours and 48 hours to determinate in vitro digestibility of silage. The digestibility of ryegrass silage was influenced by both the pre-dehydration times and phenological stage, and the dehydration time of cut and silage had a high proportion of degradable components, with higher degradation rate by 24 hours of incubation. The in vitro digestibility of the ryegrass silage was greater than that in situ for up to 48 hours. The digestibility of the ensiled ryegrass biomass was influenced by the dehydration times, as well as the plant growth stage, regardless of the methodology used, being higher values for the treatment without previous drying of the vegetative stage.


O objetivo foi determinar como o tempo de emurchecimento e o ciclo da planta influenciam na digestibilidade in vitro e degradabilidade in situ da silagem de azevém. As amostras foram provenientes de experimento a campo, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (Vegetativo: cortar e ensilar; cortar + pré-secagem de 4 horas e ensilar e; cortar + pré-secagem de 7 horas e ensilar. Pré-florescimento: cortar e ensilar e présecagem de 4 horas. Florescimento: cortar e ensilar) e quatro repetições. A armazenagem foi de quatro meses. Foram realizados três ensaios de digestibilidade in situ para determinar a degradabilidade ruminal em diferentes tempos (3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas) e três ensaios de in vitro. A digestibilidade da silagem de azevém foi influenciada, tanto pelos tempos de desidratação, quanto pela idade da planta, sendo que, o tempo 0 do vegetativo apresentou alta proporção de componentes degradáveis, apresentando maior taxa de degradação até as 24 horas de incubação. A digestibilidade in vitro da silagem foi maior que degradabilidade in situ até às 48 horas. Maior digestibilidade da biomassa foi apresentada pelo tempo 0 do estádio vegetativo, para ambas as técnicas empregadas.


Subject(s)
Silage , Ruminants , Lolium , Animal Feed
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(6): 1883-1890, 12/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-735777

ABSTRACT

A idade ao corte é considerada o principal fator a afetar o valor nutritivo das forragens. Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar a cinética de degradação ruminal da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN) das silagens de capim Andropogon gayanus obtidas em três diferentes idades de corte (56, 84 e 112 dias). As amostras das silagens secas e trituradas (5 mm) foram incubadas em sacos de nylon no rúmen por 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 h. Os parâmetros da cinética de degradação das silagens de cada tratamento (3 silagens) em cada animal (5 vacas) foram determinados pelo modelo: y = a + b(1 − e −c(t−L)). Os parâmetros gerados pela equação foram analisados como blocos inteiramente ao acaso, sendo que as idades de corte foram inseridas como efeito fixo e os animais como efeito aleatório (blocos). A silagem da planta aos 56 dias de rebrote apresentou maiores (P<0,05) valores de degradabilidade efetiva da MS e da FDN calculada para a taxa de passagem de 2,0%/h. Todas as silagens apresentaram baixa fração solúvel (<25,4%) e degradabilidade efetiva (<40,1%) da proteína bruta com taxa de passagem de 2%. Foi observado maior (P<0,05) tempo de colonização da FDN para as silagens realizadas com as plantas aos 84 e 112 dias de crescimento em comparação com a silagem produzida aos 56 dias. Os resultados da cinética de degradação ruminal das silagens de capim Andropogon gayanus indicam que a planta ensilada aos 56 dias de rebrote apresentou melhor valor nutricional...


Maturity is considered the primary factor affecting the nutritive value of forages. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradation kinetics of Andropogon gayanus grass silages harvested at three stages of maturity (56, 84 and 112 d). Dried and ground silage samples (5 mm) were incubated in nylon bags inside the rumen for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to estimate the kinetics of ruminal DM, CP and NDF degradation. The ruminal kinetic parameters of the silages from each treatment (56, 84 and 112 d of regrowth) in each animal (5 cows) were determined by the model: y = a + b(1 − e−c(t−L)). The parameters generated by the model were analyzed as randomized block design, with grass regrowth age as the fixed effect and animal the as random effect (blocks). The grass silage ensiled with 56 days of regrowth had the highest (P<0.05) effective degradability of DM and NDF calculated for fractional rate of particulate passage of 2%/h. All silages had low CP soluble fraction (<25.4%) and effective degradability calculated for fractional rate of particulate passage of 2%/h (<40.1%). A greater (P<0.05) NDF lag time was observed for the silages ensiled with 84 and 112d compared to the silage produced with 56d of regrowth. The ruminal degradation kinetics of Andropogon gayanus grass silages showed that the grass ensiled with 56 days of regrowth had higher nutritional value...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Fermentation , Rumen/metabolism , Sorghum , Silage/analysis , Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , In Vitro Techniques , Kinetics
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(3): 742-746, June 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554947

ABSTRACT

A mathematical model was developed to predict the content of undegradable neutral detergent insoluble protein (UNDIP) from chemical characteristics of tropical forages. This study was based on a biological limitation of a previous model, which restricts the UNDIP estimates to values equals or higher than 1.34 percent of dry matter. The databank was formed by 540 samples of tropical forages used in cattle feeding (fresh forage and hay). The ratio of UNDIP on neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) was chosen as response variable and the acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) as independent variable. The mathematical model was found to be exponential, assuming the formula: UNDIP = NDIP x e-(0,818+0.16764DIP) , in which all values are expressed on dry matter basis. It was observed that biological limitation of the previous model was eliminated, even though a low statistical improvement was obtained. The prediction of a biological parameter (UNDIP) from a chemical characteristic (ADIP) still have some restrictions and the estimates should be applied with caution in some situations. The main application of the model described above is estimate UNDIP contents when biological methods are not available.


Subject(s)
Animal Testing Alternatives , Chemical Phenomena/methods , Analytic Sample Preparation Methods , Rumen
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